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.Cao, Yong; Huang, Liqing; Cui, Zhiguo; Liu, Jing2018-02-01This study investigates the energy performance of chiller and cooling tower systems integrated with variable-frequency control for cooling tower fans and condenser water pumps. With regard to an example chiller system serving an office building, Chiller and cooling towers models were developed to assess how different variable-frequency control methods of cooling towers fans and condenser water pumps influence the trade-off between the chiller power, pump power and fan power under various operating conditions. The matching relationship between the cooling tower fans frequency and condenser water pumps frequency at optimal energy consumption of the system is introduced to achieve optimum system performance.Melnikov, A. A.; Kostishin, V.
G.; Alenkov, V. V.2017-05-01Real operating conditions of a thermoelectric cooling device are in the presence of thermal resistances between thermoelectric material and a heat medium or cooling object. They limit performance of a device and should be considered when modeling. Here we propose a dimensionless mathematical steady state model, which takes them into account. Analytical equations for dimensionless cooling capacity, voltage, and coefficient of performance (COP) depending on dimensionless current are given.
For improved accuracy a device can be modeled with use of numerical or combined analytical-numerical methods. The results of modeling are in acceptable accordance with experimental results.
The case of zero temperature difference between hot and cold heat mediums at which the maximum cooling capacity mode appears is considered in detail. Optimal device parameters for maximal cooling capacity, such as fraction of thermal conductance on the cold side y, fraction of current relative to maximal j' are estimated in range of 0.38-0.44 and 0.48-0.95, respectively, for dimensionless conductance K' = 5-100. Also, a method for determination of thermal resistances of a thermoelectric cooling system is proposed.Komen, Manon M C; Breed, Wim P M; Smorenburg, Carolien H; van der Ploeg, Tjeerd; Goey, S H; van der Hoeven, Jacobus J M; Nortier, Johan W R; van den Hurk, Corina J G2016-06-01For patients, chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most distressing side effects of treatment.
Scalp cooling can prevent or minimise CIA; the results may depend on the duration of cooling. Since a previous study on post-infusion cooling time in patients treated with docetaxel chemotherapy found no difference between 90 and 45 min, we investigated whether hair-preserving results could be maintained with a shorter post-infusion cooling time. In this prospective, multi-centre randomised study, 134 patients who started treatment with docetaxel 75-100 mg/m(2) in a 3-weekly schedule were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a post-infusion cooling time of 45 or 20 min. The primary end point was the need for a wig or other head covering as assessed by the patient. A visual analogue scale (VAS) with a range from 0 (not tolerable) to 10 (very tolerable) was used to measure tolerance. Scalp cooling results were similar for 45- and 20-min post-infusion cooling times.
Thirty-three out of 45 patients (73%) treated with 20 min of post-infusion cooling did not need a form of head covering, compared with 41 out of 52 patients (79%) treated with 45 min of post-infusion cooling (p = 0.5). The procedure was well tolerated (mean visual analogue score 8.3).
Six patients stopped due to intolerance during the first treatment cycle. A 20-min post-infusion cooling time is effective and tolerable for patients treated with scalp cooling to prevent docetaxel-induced alopecia. Trialregister.nl Identifier, NTR 1856.Simpson, Bruce; And OthersThis curriculum guide was designed for use in postsecondary operating room technology education programs in Georgia. 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 false Pre-flight and post-flight operations.
437.27 Section 437.27 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION. Experimental Permit Operational Safety Documentation § 437.27 Pre-flight and post-flight operations. An.Borodin, Dmitri; Ben-Moshe, Roey; Einat, Moshe2014-07-15The design work for 2nd harmonic 95 GHz, 50 kW gyrotron based on continuous operation copper solenoid is presented. Thermionic magnetron injection gun specifications were calculated according to the linear trade off equation, and simulated with CST program. Numerical code is used for cavity design using the non-uniform string equation as well as particle motion in the “cold” cavity field. The mode TE02 with low Ohmic losses in the cavity walls was chosen as the operating mode.
The Solenoid is designed to induce magnetic field of 1.8 T over a length of 40 mm in the interaction region with homogeneitymore » of ±0.34%. The solenoid has six concentric cylindrical segments (and two correction segments) of copper foil windings separated by water channels for cooling. The predicted temperature in continuous operation is below 93 °C.
The parameters of the design together with simulation results of the electromagnetic cavity field, magnetic field, electron trajectories, and thermal analyses are presented.« less.2017-09-01FOR HETEROGENEOUS UxVs OPERATING IN A POST -DISASTER URBAN ENVIRONMENT by Choon Seng Leon Mark Tan September 2017 Thesis Advisor: Oleg.September 2017 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s thesis 4.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE MISSION PLANNING FOR HETEROGENEOUS UxVs OPERATING IN A POST.UxVs OPERATING IN A POST -DISASTER URBAN ENVIRONMENT Choon Seng Leon Mark Tan Civilian Engineer, ST Aerospace Ltd., Singapore B. Eng (Hons.Zhang, Fangkun; Liu, Tao; Huo, Yan; Guan, Runduo; Wang, Xue Z.2017-07-01In this paper the effects of operating conditions including cooling rate, initial supersaturation, and seeding temperature were investigated on the morphology evolution of β-L-glutamic acid (β-LGA) during seeded cooling crystallization. Based on the results of in-situ image acquisition of the crystal morphology evolution during the crystallization process, it was found that the crystal products tend to be plate-like or short rod-like under a slow cooling rate, low initial supersaturation, and low seeding temperature. In the opposite, the operating conditions of a faster cooling rate, higher initial supersaturation, and higher seeding temperature tend to produce long rod-like or needle-like crystals, and meanwhile, the length and width of crystal products will be increased together with a wider crystal size distribution (CSD).
The aspect ratio of crystals, defined by the crystal length over width measured from in-situ or sample images, was taken as a shape index to analyze the crystal morphologies. Based on comparative analysis of the experimental results, guidelines on these operating conditions were given for obtaining the desired crystal shapes, along with the strategies for obtaining a narrower CSD for better product quality.
Experimental verifications were performed to illustrate the proposed guidelines on the operating conditions for seeded cooling crystallization of LGA solution.White, Michelle C; Longstaff, Lydia; Lai, Peggy S2017-03-01In high-resource settings, even mild anaemia is associated with an increased risk of post-operative complications. Whether this is true in low-resource settings is unclear.
We aimed to evaluate the effect of anaemia on surgical outcomes in the Republic of Congo and Madagascar. It is a retrospective chart review of 2064 non-pregnant patients undergoing elective surgery with Mercy Ships. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between pre- operative anaemia and pre-defined surgical complications, adjusted for age, gender, surgical specialty, and country. The average age of patients was 27.2 years; 56.7% were male. Sixty-two percent of patients were not anaemic, and 22.7, 13.9 and 1.4% met sex-related criteria for mild, moderate and severe anaemia, respectively. In adjusted analyses, the severe anaemia group had an 8.58 3.65, 19.49 higher odds of experiencing any surgical complication (p 2 years) whole length radiographs were analysed. Cobb's angle, lumbar lordosis, coronal imbalance, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt and translation and upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) tilt and translation were measured.
The proximal and distal fusion levels were noted and correlated with post-operative CB. There were 21 females and 2 males with a mean follow up of 36 months. The mean pre- operative cobb angle was 55°±13.26°, which corrected to 14.7°±8.84° and was maintained on follow up. Eight patients had early post-operative coronal imbalance with spontaneous resolution seen in six cases on long term follow-up.
At final follow-up, four cases had coronal imbalance (persistent imbalance since early post-operative period =2; late decompensation =2). In cases with early imbalance 5/8 cases had a pre- operative LIV tilt of ≥25°. All four patients with coronal imbalance at final follow-up had pre- operative LIV tilt ≥25°. Radiographic parameters which correlated with post-operative coronal imbalance were pre- operative LIV tilt (r=0.64, P=0.001), pre- operative LIV translation (r=0.696, P2 years) whole length radiographs were analysed.
Cobb’s angle, lumbar lordosis, coronal imbalance, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt and translation and upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) tilt and translation were measured. The proximal and distal fusion levels were noted and correlated with post-operative CB. Results There were 21 females and 2 males with a mean follow up of 36 months. The mean pre- operative cobb angle was 55°±13.26°, which corrected to 14.7°±8.84° and was maintained on follow up. Eight patients had early post-operative coronal imbalance with spontaneous resolution seen in six cases on long term follow-up.
At final follow-up, four cases had coronal imbalance (persistent imbalance since early post-operative period =2; late decompensation =2). In cases with early imbalance 5/8 cases had a pre- operative LIV tilt of ≥25°. All four patients with coronal imbalance at final follow-up had pre- operative LIV tilt ≥25°. Radiographic parameters which correlated with post-operative coronal imbalance were pre- operative LIV tilt (r=0.64, P=0.001), pre- operative LIV translation (r=0.696, P.1983-04-01would suggest that the crews’ thermal comfort was greater during vest auxiliary cooling.
Despite the fact that the environmental conditions were.effective use of the turbine bleed air than is provided by an air shower. The vest approach seems to improve the thermal comfort of these tank crew members.in an environment which normally would be thermally stressful. This improved thermal comfort from vest cooling is probably associated with the reduced.Bangiyev, John N; Thottam, Prasad J; Christenson, Jennifer R; Metz, Christopher M; Haupert, Michael S2015-02-01To define the association between pre- operative general emergency department visits, gender, and pre- operative diagnosis with post-operative emergency department return following adenotonsillectomy. Retrospective chart review of 1468 pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2011 and 2013. There was a significant relationship between patients who visited the ED pre- operatively, 25% (N=96) returned to the ED post-procedure, compared to 10% who did not have a pre- operative ED visit. There was an overall significant relation between having a pre- operative visit (χ(2)=53.6, df=1, pgrade 2) without significant difference between CD and UC (P = 0.28).
Thirty-seven long-term adverse effects of surgical therapy (≥30 days) were observed in 33 patients (24%). Multivariate analysis found (1) acute severe colitis (OR = 7.84 2.15-28.52) and emergency surgery (OR = 4.46 1.75-11.36) were associated with early post-operative complications, and (2) Female gender (HR = 2.10 1.01-4.37) and delay before surgery 3 months (HR = 2.09 1.01-4.31) with long-term adverse effects of surgical therapy. One-third of elderly IBD patients experienced at least 1 post-operative complication. Half of the early complications were severe, and infectious. Emergency surgery was the key driver for post-operative complication. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Shigemura, Katsumi; Tanaka, Kazushi; Matsumoto, Minori; Nakano, Yuzo; Shirakawa, Toshiro; Miyata, Masahiro; Yamashita, Masuo; Arakawa, Soichi; Fujisawa, Masato2012-08-01The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between prophylactic antibiotic administration (PAA) and post-operative infection in radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion carried out for patients with bladder cancer. Fifty-seven consecutive cases were analyzed retrospectively.
Post-operative infections were categorized as urinary tract, wound, and remote infections. We used the antibiotics tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC), sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC), flomoxef (FMOX), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), and cefmetazole (CMZ). Twenty-five (43.9%) patients had post-operative infections. Five of these (8.77%) patients had wound infections, 22 (38.6%) patients had urinary tract infections, and 2 (3.51%) had remote infections. Our statistical analysis demonstrated that the patients with TAZ/PIPC used for PAA (5/18: 27.8%) had a significantly lower post-operative infection rate than patients with other antibiotics (24/39: 61.5%) (p = 0.0442). In addition, the patients with a shorter-duration PAA (within 72 h after the operation (48-72 h)) had a significantly lower rate of post-operative infections (12/33: 36.4%) than those with longer-duration PAA (longer than 72-96 h after the operation) (16/24: 66.7%) (p = 0.0239).
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Taken together, these results suggest that TAZ/PIPC with shorter PAA duration (within 72 h) might lead to a lower rate of post-operative infections. In conclusion, our data showed that PAA with TAZ/PIPC with a shorter duration PAA (within 72 h) might be recommended for radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. A prospective study based on our data is desirable to establish or revise guidelines for prophylactic medication for preventing post-operative infection after radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion.Banerjee, Y.; Ghosh, P.; Halder, K.; Malarkodi, N.; Pathak, P.2017-12-01The aftermath of the Himalyan orogeny and subsequent cooling is documented in the deep sea sedimentary record from the Oceanic realm (1). Here we attempt to reconstruct the temperature pattern based on marine gastropods i.e.
Turritella sp. Which became abundant during the post Cretaceous period and have successfully been used for the reconstruction of climate by measuring the stable isotopic composition (2,3,4). Well preserved specimens of Cretaceous Turritella from the Rajamundry Infratrappean beds and those from the Miocene, Holocene succession of Kutch, western India were analysed along with specimen from the modern time scale (also from Kutch). The Cretaceous, early to mid Miocene, early Holocene and modern shells recorded δ13C variability from 0.36 to 4.94‰, -1.83 to -4.83‰, -3.26 to 0.40‰, -1.47 to -4.70‰ respectively suggesting drop in the productivity during mid Miocene and subsequent period of rapid growth. The Variability in terms of δ18O ranges from -2.28 to -4.99‰, -2.66 to -7.06‰, -2.86 to 0.96‰, -1.05 to -3.23‰ for the Cretaceous, early to mid Miocene, early Holocene and modern shells respectively. Collected from the same strata with that of the early to mid Holocene Turritella showed a similar δ13C and δ18O values denoting similar environmental condition during deposition.
Absence of any significant correlation between δ13C vs δ18O support equilibrium precipitation of shell growth bands. We used Epstein oxygen isotope thermometry to derive temperature from the oxygen isotope of carbonate and adopted water isotopic composition (1‰ for the Cretaceous and -0.7‰ for the Miocene) from the literature. Our observation captured an overall cooling trend from the Cretaceous to the Holocene time period (especially in between mid Miocene to Holocene) and a subsequent warming trend in modern time. Validation with other thermometry method will be displayed at the time of presentation. References: 1 Zachos et al., 2001.Plenzig, Stefanie; Soriano, Mauricio; Held, Hannelore; Verhoff, Marcel A2017-08-01A routine question encountered in medicolegal practice is whether the death of a patient in proximity to a surgical procedure is due to medical malpractice. The case of a 62-year-old man who died two weeks after undergoing a VATS sleeve resection of the upper right lung lobe in conjunction with radical lymphadenectomy, a routine surgical procedure, is reported. To address the issue of medical malpractice, a forensic autopsy was ordered by the investigative authority.
During the autopsy, the lungs were removed as a whole and fixed in formalin and were later dissected in cooperation with a thoracic surgeon. In the course of this dissection, a bronchovascular fistula, which had led to the occlusion of the bronchial system with clotted blood, was discovered. Bronchovascular fistulas are a rare complication of bronchial sleeve resections.
Because this surgical complication is essentially always fatal, it is highly pertinent to medicolegal practice. The presented case report also lists other important complications associated with bronchial anastomosis and elucidates a pragmatic approach to obtaining an expert clinical assessment of possible medical malpractice after operations through the example of a dissection performed in cooperation with a thoracic surgeon. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.